A Theory of Justice Summary of Key Points

John Rawls’s ‘A Theory of Justice’ is a seminal work in political philosophy and ethics, in which Rawls presents his theory of justice as fairness. He argues for a principled reconciliation of liberty and equality, to be applied to the basic structure of a well-ordered society. Central to his theory is the idea of the ‘original position,’ a hypothetical state of equality in which individuals make decisions about the rules of society behind a ‘veil of ignorance,’ unaware of their own particular advantages.